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Pennsylvania Class, U.S. Battleships


Photograph of Pennsylvania-class battleship

Naval History and Heritage Command #67583

Schematic diagram of Pennsylvania class battleship

ONI 222


Specifications:


Tonnage 34,823 tons standard displacement
Dimensions 608' by 106'2' by 28'8"
185.32m by 32.35m by 8.8m
Maximum speed       21 knots
Complement 1052
Aircraft 2 catapults
3 seaplanes
Armament 4x3 14"/45 guns
12x1 5"/51 guns
8x1 5"/25 AA guns
4x1 3"/50 AA guns
8 0.50 machine guns
Protection 10,883 tons:

13.5" (343mm) belt tapering to 8" (203mm) below the waterline

1.75"+1.25"+1.25"+0.5" = 3.7"  (44mm+32mm+32mm+13mm = 93mm) STS armor deck

4.5" STS + 1.75" MS = 5.5" (114mm STS + 44mm MS = 158mm) over steering spaces

1"/1.5" STS + 0.5" MS = 1.35"/1.85" (25mm/38mm STS + 13mm MS = 34mm/47mm)  splinter deck

13" (330mm) bulkheads tapering to 8" (203mm) below waterline

18"/5"STS/9" (457mm/127mm STS/229mm) turret

13" (330mm) barbettes

Splinter protection for 5"/25 guns

16" (406mm) conning tower

13" (330mm) uptakes

19' (5.8m) underwater protection consisting of a 0.25" (6mm) retaining bulkhead, an inner 1.5"+1.5" (38mm+38mm) STS torpedo bulkhead, an outer 0.75" (19mm) STS torpedo bulkhead, and blisters. Designed to withstand a 300 lb (136 kg) explosive charge.
Machinery
4-shaft Westinghouse geared turbine (33,375 shp)
6 Bureau Express boilers
Bunkerage 3692 tons fuel oil
Range 6070 nautical miles (11,200 km) at 12 knots
Sensors CXAM1 air search radar
Modifications
Spring 1942: Replaced 3" guns with 4x4 1.1"/75 AA guns. Added 16x1 20mm Oerlikon AA guns and SR, SK, and SG radar.

1943: 5"/25 guns replaced with 4x2 5"/38 dual-purpose guns with two Mark 37 directors. One catapult removed. Light antiaircraft upgraded to 10x4 40mm Bofors AA guns, 51 20mm guns and 8 0.50 machineguns.

1945: Added 1x2 40mm guns, reduced 20mm battery to 33 guns, and added SP radar.


The Pennsylvanias were completed in 1916.  The second of the "standard battleship" classes, they resembled the preceding Nevada class. However, the Pennsylvanias had all triple turrets, for a main battery of twelve 14" (356mm) guns. The protection scheme was almost identical with the Nevadas except for the underwater protection, which benefited from caisson experiments conducted in 1912. The resulting underwater protection system was capable of withstanding a 300 lb (136 kg) explosive charge, which made it the best in the world at the time. The ships also had four propeller shafts instead of two, which improved machinery dispersal and gave enough added power to compensate for the greater displacement.

At the time of their completion, the Pennsylvanias were possibly the finest battleships in the world.  By 1941 they were obsolescent, particularly in their antiaircraft defenses, despite modernization in the 1930s that added an antiaircraft battery similar to that of the Nevadas and improved their horizontal and underwater protection and gun elevation.

The more famous ship of this class, Arizona, was wrecked during the attack on Pearl Harbor by an explosion of the forward magazine.  Pennsylvania herself was in dry dock and was probably the least damaged of all the battleships present at Pearl Harbor, suffering a single bomb hit that inflicted some casualties but little structural damage.

Photo Gallery


Profile view of Pennsylvania-class battleship

U.S. Navy

Profile view of Pennsylvania-class battleship

U.S. Navy

Superstructure of Pennsylvania-class battleship,
                1942

U.S. Navy

Overhead view of Pennsylvania-class battleship

U.S. Navy

Forward overhead view of Pennsylvania-class
                battleship

U.S. Navy

Aft overhead view of Pennsylvania-class battleship

U.S. Navy

Pennsylvania in dry dock

U.S. Navy

The wrecked Arizona

U.S. Navy

ONI 222 page for Pennsylvania class

U.S. Navy

ONI 222 page for Pennsylvania class

U.S. Navy


References

DANFS

Friedman (1985)

Whitley (1998)

Worth (2001)



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