National Archives
#80-G-413915. Via Wikipedia
Commons.
| Ammunition type | Contact
fused HE fixed shell. Incendiary and AP shells were also available. |
|
Projectile weight |
1.985 lb 0.80 kg |
|
Velocity |
2890 feet/s 881 m/s |
|
Maximum elevation |
90 degrees |
|
Range |
11,000 yards 10,000 meters |
|
Altitude |
22,800 feet 6950 meters |
|
Rate of fire |
120 rounds per minute |
The Bofors was the best medium
antiaircraft
gun of the war. A Swedish design dating from 1929, it was manufactured
and
used by all the Allied powers,
beginning with the Poles in the mid-1930s, who also manufactured a
number for the British.
The U.S. Navy took an
interest in the Bofors in 1937, but went instead with the 1.1" gun, an unfortunate
choice. By early 1941 the Navy had realized its mistake, and
manufacture of the Bofors had already commenced by the time a license
was negotiated with the Bofors Company, in June 1941.
The Bofors was typically mounted in a quadruple mount with a single director and with water cooling. Although the shells could nominally reach out to 11,000 yards (10,000 meters), Campbell states that the shells were designed to self-destruct at 4000-5000 yards (3700-4600 meters.) This was likely to avoid friendly fire incidents.
The first twin mounts were produced in January 1942 and the first quad mounts in April 1942. The gun was highly praised for its performance at the Battle of Santa Cruz, but production did not begin to match demand until mid-1944. Large numbers were mounted on warships to counter the kamikaze, at which they were only modestly effective: The state of the art in electronics was insufficient to put a proximity fuse in the shell, and its explosive charge was insufficient to disintegrate an aircraft with just one or two contact hits. But they were the best weapons for close-in defense available at the time. Apparently the Gridleys were the only major warships in the U.S. Navy that had not shipped a Bofors mount by the end of the war.
Shipping additional Bofors was no small matter.
Unlike the 20mm Oerlikon,
which could be installed wherever there was deck space to bolt one
down, the Bofors required extensive wiring and plumbing and had to be
installed during refit in a shipyard.
However, the Oerlikon lacked the stopping power to be effective against
the kamikazes.
The sustained rate of fire was reduced by the need to reload the small clips (4 rounds) by hand.
References
Campbell (1985)
Hogg (2002)
NavWeaps.com
(accessed 2009-3-2)
The
Pacific
War Online Encyclopedia © 2007-2010 by Kent G. Budge. Index
