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Type 22 General Purpose Radar


Photograph of Type 22 radar horn antennas

Nakagawa (1993). Fair use may apply.


Specifications:


Wavelength 10 cm
Pulse Width 10 microsecond
Pulse Repetition Frequency     
2500 Hz
Scan rate 5 rotations per minute
Power 2 kW
Range 20 nautical miles (35 km) aircraft group
10 nautical miles (17 km) single aircraft
13 nautical miles (24 km) battleship
Antenna
Horn
Display
A scope
Accuracy 220 yards/3 degrees
200 meters/3 degrees
Resolution 1600 yards/40 degrees
1500 meters/40 degrees
Weight
2910 lb (1320 kg) as installed on surface ship
4717 lb (2140 kg) as installed on submarine
Production: 300 sets. Fitted to modern destroyers in summer 1942, to Kongo-class battleships 1942-10, to light cruisers 1943-6, to the Yamatos 1943-10, and to other destroyers 1944-9.


The Japanese Type 22 radar, also known as Mark 2 Model 2, saw wide operational use in the war, being installed on surface ships and submarines. Though nominally a surface search radar, it was also used for air search and for fire control. It was based on an early Japanese version of the cavity magnetron, the M-312, used 40 vacuum tubes, and had limited power. Quality control during production was a serious problem: Of the first sixy sets built, only about six actually worked. The chief difficulty was achieving adequate precision in machining the oddly-shaped cavities in the M-312 magnetron to achieve the precise frequency required to match the magnetron with the M-60 vacuum tube used in the receiver.

The first set was tested in October 1941 and a pre-production version called the Model 103 was experimentally shipped on Hyuga just before the battle of Midway. With its dual steerable horn, it was nicknamed "Bluefin Tuna" or "Horse Mackerel." Mass production was authorized by the end of 1942 but no materials were allocated. One of the Army technicians on the project proceeded to acquire materials through the black market, which led to some of the accountants on the project being arrested and held by the police for a month. Its first operational triumph was allowing the evacuation flotilla for Kiska to navigate under cover of heavy fog. Because of continuing difficulty matching components, production never came close to the target of 150 sets a month.

An improved version, the Mod 1, with a more stable heterodyne receiver, was rushed to the fleet in time for the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Another version, the 22-Kai-3, was designed for submarines and differed in having a pulse repetition rate of 600 Hz.

References

Buderi (1998)

Friedman (1981)

Grunden (2005)
Guerlac (1987)

Nakagawa (1997)



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