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Junyo Class, Japanese Fleet Carriers


Photograph
                  of IJN Junyo

U.S. Marine Corps #150350

Schematic of IJN Junyo

ONI 222


Specifications:


Tonnage 24,140 tons standard displacement
Dimensions 719'6" by 87'7" by 26'9"
219.30m by 26.70m by 8.15m
Maximum speed       24-25.5 knots
Complement 1187
Aircraft 689' (210m) flight deck
2 45' by 45' (13.7m by 13.7m) elevators
53 aircraft
Armament 6x2 5"/40 dual-purpose guns
8x3 25mm AA guns
Protection
2" armor + 0.8" plating (50mm armor + 20mm plating) deck (machinery)
1" (25mm) box protection for magazines and aviation fuel
Machinery
2-shaft geared turbine (56,250 shp)
4-6 Kampon boilers
Bunkerage 2800 tons fuel oil
Modifications
1943: Added 16 25mm guns

1943?: Added Type 13 air search radar and Type 21 general purpose radar.

1944: Total of 76 25mm guns and 6x28 5" rockets. Concrete added around gasoline bunkers.


The Junyos were laid down in 1939 as 27,500-ton passenger liners Kashiwara Maru and Izumo Maru. Part of the "shadow program," they were designed with destroyer machinery and were converted to light carriers on the ways. They retained much of their civilian character, including clean hulls, forward sheer, and inadequate subdivision. Though rated as fleet carriers on account of their relatively large air group, their speed was inadequate for fleet operations. The two hangar decks were cramped, the lower having barely enough ceiling clearance for the A6M "Zero", let alone carrier bombers. The ships had almost no armor protection, which with their poor subdivision meant that their survivability in battle was minimal. However, they were the first Japanese carriers to direct their uptakes through the island, and the island was sponsoned out so that it did not encroach on the flight deck. The hulls were asymmetrically bulged to compensate for the island.

Junyo had four boilers rather than the six of Hiyo, giving her a slightly slower speed of 24 knots.

The original air group was 18 D3A "Val", 18 B5N "Kate" and 12 A6M "Zero" plus a few spares. Like the Americans, the Japanese seem to have increased the proportion of fighters in their air groups as the war progressed, and Hiyo was operating 27 "Zeros", 6 B6N "Jill", and 18 "Vals" by 1944.


Units in the Pacific:

Junyo      

Completed 1942-5-3 (Mitsubishi-Nagasaki)    

Crippled 1944-12-9 by Redfish and Sea Devil off Nagasaki and not returned to service

Hiyo

Completed 1942-7-31 (Kawasaki-Kobe)     

Sunk by aircraft 20 June 1944 in the Philippine Sea

Photo Gallery

Foward quarter low view of Junyo-class carrier

U.S. Navy

Starboard midships low view of Junyo-class carrier

U.S. Navy

Island of Junyo-class carrier

U.S. Navy


References

Chesneau (1992)

CombinedFleet.com (accessed 2007-12-2)

Gogin (2010; accesssed 2012-12-25)

Jentschura, Jung, and Mickel (1977)

Worth (2001)



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