graduate

Initial Japanese Army Order of Battle

Unit
Commander
Start
Administrative
Assignment
Operational
Assignment
Notes
Imperial General Headquarters Hirohito
Tokyo

Imperial General Headquarters was almost completely ineffectual, being divided into separate Army and Navy sections that were not even located together. There was no ultimate decision maker short of the Emperor, who was ill-equipped to fill this role.
Army General Staff Sugiyama Gen Tokyo Imperial General Headquarters


4 Division Kitano Kenzo
Shanghai Army General Staff
"Osaka." Activated 1881-5-14, and acquired a reputation as an unlucky division lacking in intrepidity. General reserve. Seriously understrength, with just 11,000 men.  Homma considered this the worst-equipped division in the Japanese Army. Its infantry group was composed of 8 Regiment, 37 Regiment (from Osaka), and 61 Regiment. Redeployed to Luzon 1942-2, where it carried out the assault on Corregidor. Returned to Japan 1943-8, and redeployed to Sumatra 1944-8 and Thailand 1944-12.
1 Amphibious Landing Group
Ito Shinobu

Army General Staff
Exact assignment unknown. Redesignated as 1 Amphibious Brigade in 1944-1.
General Defense Command Yamada Otozo
Tokyo Army General Staff

Ship Transport Command

General Defense Command
Responsible for the Army merchant shipping pool
Northern District Army Hamamoto Kisaburo
Obihiro General Defense Command
Redesignated 5 Area Army on 1944-3-10.
7 Division Koito Koichi
Asahikawa
Northern District Army
"Asahikawa". Activated 19 October 1886. Participated in the Siberian Intervention in 1918.
The bulk of the division (26 and 27 Regiments) never left Japan, and so a 7 Depot Division was never active. THe division was not yet triangularized in December 1941 and still included 25 Regiment in its organization.
28 Regiment

Aslito 7 Division

Ichiki Detachment, 2328 men. Formed in 1875 and credited with taking 203 Meter Height during the siege of Port Arthur in 1905. Destroyed in the Battle of the Tenaru (Ilu) River at Guadalcanal on 21 August 1942.
8 Depot Division

Hirosaki
Northern District Army

Karafuto Independent Mixed Brigade Imamura Toyojiro
Karafuto Northern District Army

Karafuto Reserve Brigade
Karafuto Northern District Army

Chishima Regiment
Kuriles Northern District Army

Central District Army Fujii Yoji
Osaka General Defense Command
Redesignated 13 Area Army in 1945-1.
53 Depot Division Baba Masao
Kyoto Central District Army
53 Division was authorized on 1940-7-10 but not formally activated until 1943-11-19. Until then it was rated as a depot division.  Mostly older men from the Kyoto area. Composed of 119, 128, and 151 Regiments.
54 Division Katamura Shihachi
Himeji Central District Army
Activated 1940-7-10 as a Type B division. Composed of 111, 121, and  154 Regiments. Deployed to Burma 1943-8.
4 Depot Division Kan Hararoku?
Osaka
Central District Army
Supporting at least 5 divisions and 5 brigades by the end of the war.
5 Depot Division Hasegawa Miyoji
Hiroshima
Central District Army
Supporting at least 5 divisions and 3 brigades by the end of the war.
55 Depot Division Nagami Shuntoku
Zentsuji (133.783E 34.233N)
Central District Army
Supporting at least 3 divisions and 3 brigades by the end of the war.
1 Air Division Abe Tetsujo

Central District Army
A training unit. From 1944-2 on, it was used as an antisubmarine unit for coastal patrol around the home islands.
64 Independent Infantry Group
Matsuyama Yuzo
Osaka Central District Army
Deactivated 1944-1 to provide cadre for 49 Division. Consists of 106, 153, and 168 Regiments.
13 Air Regiment
Taisho 1 Air Division
9 Ki-27 Nate
Participated in the New Georgia, Wewak, and second Philippines campaigns.
Western District Army Fujie Keisuke
Fukuoka General Defense Command

6 Depot Division Kayashima Taka
Kumamoto
Western District Army
Supporting at least 7 divisions and a brigade by the end of the war.
56 Depot Division Sakai Yasushi
Kurume
Western District Army
Supporting at least 4 divisions and 2 brigadesby the end of the war.
66 Independent Infantry Group

Kumamoto Western District Army
Composed of 123, 145, and 147 Regiments. Deactivated 1943-6 to provide cadre for 46 Division.
26 Engineer Regiment

Western District Army

Eastern District Army Tanaka Shizuichi
Tokyo General Defense Command

52 Depot Division Mugikura Shunsaburo
Kanazawa
Eastern District Army
52 Division was authorized 1940-7-10 but not formally activated until 1943-8-10, and rated as a depot division until that time. Composed of 69, 107, and 150 Regiments.
2 Depot Division Terakura Shozo
Sendai
Eastern District Army
Supporting at least 5 divisions and 6 brigades by the end of the war.
3 Depot Division Kushibuchi Senichi
Nagoya
Eastern District Army
Supporting at least 6 divisions and 4 brigades by the end of the war.
51 Depot Division Ueno Kenichiro
Utsunomiya
Eastern District Army
Supporting at least 7 divisions and 3 brigades by the end of the war.
57 Depot Division Osako Michisada
Hirosaki
Eastern District Army
Supporting at least 5 divisions and 4 brigades by the end of the war.
Imperial Guards Mixed Brigade Teshima Fusataro
Tokyo Eastern District Army
Or Imperial Guards Depot Division. Composed of 1 and 2 Imperial Guards Regiments.
61 Independent Infantry Group

Tokyo
Eastern District Army
Deactivated 1943-3 to provide cadre for 61 Division. Composed of 101, 149, and 157 Regiments.
62 Independent Infantry Group

Sendai
Eastern District Army
Deactivated 1943-6 to provide cadre for 42 Division. Composed of 129, 130, and 158 Regiments.
63 Independent Infantry Group

Nagoya Eastern District Army
Deactivated 1943-6 to provide cadre for 43 Division. Composed of 118, 135, and 136 Regiments.
67 Independent Infantry Group

Hirosaki Eastern District Army
Composed of 105, 125, and 131 Regiments. Deactivated 1943-6 to provide cadre for 47 Division.
107 Brigade
Hitomi Hidezo

Eastern District Army
Existence and assignment uncertain
17 Air Brigade Nakanishi Ryosuke
Chofu Eastern District Army

5 Air Regiment
Kashiwa 17 Air Brigade
25 Ki-27 Nate
Participated in western New Guinea campaign.
144 Air Regiment
Chofu 17 Air Brigade
19 Ki-27 Nate. Redesignated 244 Air Regiment 1942-4
Participated in the Okinawa campaign.
Korea Army Nakamura Kotaro
Seoul General Defense Command
Redesignated Korea District Army 1945-2-1
19 Division Kozuki Yoshio
Rashin Korea Army
"Ranan." Activated 1915-12-24. Composed of 73, 75, and 76 Regiments. May still have been a square division in December 1941 with 74 Regiment. Redeployed to Luzon 1944-12 and destroyed.
20 Division Nagatsu Sadashige
Pusan Korea Army
"Keijo." Activated 1915-12-24. Square division. Composed of 77, 78, 79, and 80 Regiments. Redeployed to New Guinea 1943-1 and triangularized 1943-6, giving up 77 Regiment. Suffered heavy casualties in Lae campaign.
23 Independent Engineer Regiment

Korea Army
Specially trained in river crossing and use of landing craft. It was deployed to 14 Army in time for the Corregidor assault.
Formosa Army
Ando Rikichi Taipeh Army General Staff
No combat formations were assigned in December 1941. Redesignated as Formosa District Army 1945-2-1
China Expeditionary Army Hata Shunroku
Nanking Army General Staff
Controlled all army units in central and southern China. These were the areas of active operations against the Kuomintang.
11 Army Anami Korechika
Hankow China Expeditionary Army
The "cutting edge" of the Japanese Army in China, acting as its chief operational force. Organized in July 1938 to conduct the Wuhan campaign. Preparing to attack Changsha with 120,000 men supported by 600 artillery pieces and 200 aircraft of 1 Air Brigade.
3 Division Takahashi Takaji
Changsha
11 Army
"Nagoya." Activated 1881-5-14. Composed of 6, 34, and 68 Regiments.
6 Division Kanda Masatane

11 Army
"Kumamoto." Activated 1881-5-14. Had an excellent reputation as one of the toughest divisions in the Japanese Army, but was involved in the Rape of Nanking. Redeployed to Bougainville 1943-1 and isolated for the remainder of the war. Infantry group consisted of 13, 23 and 45 Regiments.
13 Division Uchiyama Eitaro
I'chang 11 Army
Activated 1937-9-9 as a "special" or wartime division primarily composed of reservists. Recruited from Sendai. Composed of 65, 104, and 116 Regiments. May still have been a square division in December 1941 with 58 Regiment.
34 Division Oga Shigeru
Nanchang 11 Army
From Osaka. Activated 1939-2-7 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 216, 217, and 218 Regiments.
39 Division Sumida Raishiro
Tangyang (111.789E 30.829N)
11 Army
From Hiroshima. Activated 1939-6-30 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 231, 232, and 233 Regiments. Redeployed to Manchuria 1945-7
40 Division Aoki Seiichi
I'chang
11 Army
Activated 1939-6-30 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 234, 235, and 236 Regiments.
14 Independent Mixed Brigade Nakayama Tomodu
Along Kiukiang-Nanchang railroad? 11 Army

18 Independent Mixed Brigade Tsutsumi Fusaki

11 Army
Deactivated to provide cadre for 56 Division 1942-2
13 Tank Regiment

11 Army

2 Engineer Regiment

11 Army

8 Engineer Regiment

11 Army

13 Army Sawada Shigeru
Shanghai China Expeditionary Army
Organized at Shanghai in late 1939, primarily as a peacekeeping force for the Shanghai-Nanking area.
15 Division Sakai Naoji
Wuhu 13 Army
Activated 1938-4-4 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Recruited from Kyoto. Composed of 51, 60, and 67 Regiments. Redeployed to Thailand 1943-8, where it was employed mostly in roadbuilding, and to Burma 1944-2.
17 Division Hirabayashi Morito

13 Army
"Kimeji." Activated 1938-4-4 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 53 54, and 81 Regiments. Redeployed to New Britain 1943-9. Reorganized in 1943 or 1944, dropping 81 Regiment and activating 2 and 6 Mixed Regiments from local units to give a square structure.
22 Division Ota Katsumi
Hangchow 13 Army
From Sendai. Activated 1938-4-4 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 84, 85, and 86 Regiments. Redeployed to French Indochina 1945-1
116 Division Takeuchi Toshijiro
Kiukiang
13 Army
Activated 1938-5-15 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Square division with brigades shown below. Triangularized 1943-3 with removal of 138 Regiment.
119 Brigade
Yamagata Gyoichi

116 Division

Composed of 109 and 120 Regiments.
130 Brigade
Uzawa Katsunobu

116 Division
Composed of 133 and 138 Regiments.
11 Independent Mixed Brigade Tsutsumi Mikio
West of Shanghai 13 Army
Deactivated 1942-4 to provide cadre for 60 Division.
12 Independent Mixed Brigade Nanbu Johkichi

13 Army
Deactivated 1943-6 to provide cadre for 64 Division.
13 Independent Mixed Brigade Akashika Tsutomu
Anhwei-Kiangsu area
13 Army
Deactivated 1943-6 to provide cadre for 65 Division.
17 Independent Mixed Brigade Tagami Hachiro

13 Army

20 Independent Mixed Brigade Nozoe Masanori
Nanchang 13 Army
Deactivated 1942-4 to provide cadre for 70 Division.
23 Army Sakai Takashi
 Canton China Expeditionary Army

51 Division Nakano Hidemitsu

23 Army
Activated 1940-9-1 at Utsunomiya as a Type B division. Composed of 66, 102, and 115 Regiments. Redeployed to New Guinea 1943-1 and destroyed.
104 Division Komoda Koichi

23 Army
Activated 1938-6-15 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 108, 137, and 161 Regiments. May have retained a square structure with 170 Regiment.
? Independent Mixed Brigade

23 Army

19 Independent Mixed Brigade Matsui Kanichi
Swatow
23 Army

45 Air Regiment
Tien Flo 23 Army
34 Ki-32 Mary
1 Air Brigade Mori Shigeki
Hankow China Expeditionary Army
Assigned to support 11 Army at Changsha
44 Air Regiment
Tien Flo 1 Air Brigade
24 Ki-51 Sonia
18 Squadron
Hankow 1 Air Brigade
11 Ki-15 Babs
54 Air Regiment
Hankow 1 Air Brigade
12 Ki-27 Nate (at Nanking)
24 Ki-27 Nate (at Hankow)
Participated in the second Philippine and Okinawa campaigns.
10 Squadron
Hankow 1 Air Brigade
10 Ki-27 Nate
8 Air Regiment
Nanchang 1 Air Brigade
12 Ki-51 Sonia
83 Squadron
Taiyuan 1 Air Brigade
10 Ki-15 Babs
66 Squadron
Hankow China Expeditionary Army
12 Ki-30 Ann
North China Area Army Okamura Yasutsuga
Peiping Army General Staff
Controlled army units in north China, where there were no active operations against the Kuomintang. However, antiguerrilla operations against Mao's Chinese Communists were ongoing.
27 Division Tominaga Nobusama

North China Area Army
From Tokyo. Activated 1938-6-21 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 1, 2, and 3 China Garrison Regiments.
35 Division Harada Kumakichi
Kaifeng (114.3E 34.8N)
North China Area Army
Activated 1939-2-7 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 219, 220, and 221 Regiments. Redeployed to New Guinea 1944-4 and destroyed.
110 Division Yamada Tetsujirou
Hopeh
North China Area Army
Activated 1938-6-16 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Square division. Composed of 108 Brigade (139 and 140 Regiments) and 133 Brigade (110 and 163 Regiments.) Triangularized by 1942-4 by detachment of 140 Regiment.
1 Independent Mixed Brigade
Suzuki Teiji Along Peiping-Hankow railroad
North China Area Army
Originally an experimental combined arms formation with a large tank component, but most of the armor was pulled from the brigade in 1938.
7 Independent Mixed Brigade Hayashi Yoshitaro
Hopeh-Shantung border
North China Area Army
Deactivated 1944-7 to provide cadre for 115 Division
8 Independent Mixed Brigade
Between Peiping and Tientsin
North China Area Army

15 Brigade Fukei Shinpei

North China Area Army

15 Tank Regiment

North China Area Army

1 Army Iwamatsu Yoshio
Taiyuan North China Area Army

36 Division Izeki Mitsuru
south of Taiyuan 1 Army
From Hirosaki. Activated 1939-2-7 as a "special" or wartime division compsed mostly of reservists. Composed of 222, 223, and 224 Regiments. Converted to ocean division 1943-10. Redeployed to New Guinea 1943-12 and destroyed.
37 Division Nagano Yuichiro

1 Army
From Kumamoto. Activated 1939-2-7 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 225, 226, and 227 Regiments. Reorganized as a Type C "security division." Redeployed to French Indochina 1945-1
41 Division Shimizu Tsunenori
Tsingtao 1 Army
From Utsunomiya. Activated 1939-6-30 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 237, 238, and 239 Regiments. Redeployed to New Guinea 1943-2 and destroyed.
3 Independent Mixed Brigade Mori Suehiro
Paoteh (111.127E 39.017N)
1 Army

5 Independent Mixed Brigade Uchida Ginnosuke
Between Tsingtao and Weihsien
1 Army

6 Independent Mixed Brigade Iwai Torajiro
Along Tientsin-Pukov railroad
1 Army
Deactivated 1943-6 to provide cadre for 62 and 63 Divisions.
9 Independent Mixed Brigade Ikenoue Kenkichi
Hankow 1 Army
Participated in third Changsha campaign
16 Independent Mixed Brigade Wakamatsu Heiji
Taiyuan 1 Army
Deactivated 1942-4 to provide cadre for 69 Division.
12 Army Tsuchihashi Kazutsugu
Tsinan North China Area Army

32 Division Ide Tetsuzo
Tsinan
12 Army
Activated 1939-2-7 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 210, 211, and 212 Regiments. Redeployed to Halmahera 1944-4
4 Independent Mixed Brigade Tsuda Yoshitake
Along Chengtain railway in Shansi
12 Army
Deactivated 1943-6 to provide cadre for 62 Division.
10 Independent Mixed Brigade
Shantung
12 Army
Deactivated 1942-2 to provide cadre for 59 Division.
15 Independent Mixed Brigade
Tanaka Tsutomu
West of Peiping
12 Army
Deactivated 1943-6 to provide cadre for 63 Division.
Mongol Army Akamasu Shigetaro
Kalgan North China Area Army
Or Mongolia Garrison Army. A puppet formation
36 Cavalry Group
Nishihara Issaku

Mongol Army
Nine divisions of puppet cavalry
26 Division Yano Otosaburo
Tatung
Mongol Army
From Nagoya. Activated 1939-9-30 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Redeployed to Philippines 1944-8 and destroyed at Leyte by 1944-12. The infantry group is listed by some sources as 26 Brigade, and it consisted of 11, 12, and 13 Independent Regiments.
4 Cavalry Brigade
Ogura Tatsuji

Mongol Army
Japanese cavalry. Remained on horseback until the final surrender.
2 Independent Mixed Brigade Mano Goro Kalgan Mongol Army
Assigned to 109 Division 1944-2 and destroyed in the battle of Iwo Jima
Kwantung Army Umezu Yoshijiro
Changchun Army General Staff

Manchurian Area Army
Changchun Kwantung Army


10 Division Sogawa Jiro

Manchurian Area Army
"Himeji." Activated 1898-10-1. Composed of 10, 39, and 63 Regiments. This division got clobbered at Taierhchuang in 1938. It was destroyed again after redeploying to Luzon 1944-11.
28 Division Ishiguro Teizo

Manchurian Area Army
From Tokyo. Activated 1940-6-3 as a Type A division. Composed of 3, 30, and 36 Regiments, all from regular divisions undergoing triangularization. Redeployed to Ryukyu Islands 1944-7. Never saw combat.
29 Division Uemura Toshimichi
Liaoyang (123.183E 41.267N)
Manchurian Area Army
From Nagoya. Activated 1941-4-1 as a Type A division. Composed of 18, 38 and 50 Regiments, all from regular divisions undergoing triangularization. Reorganized as ocean division, redeployed to Marianas 1944-2 and destroyed on Guam.
Kwantung Defense Army Kusaba Tatsumi

Manchurian Area Army
Redesignated 44 Army on 1945-5-30.
Kwantung Air Brigade
Mukden Manchurian Area Army
36 Ki-57 Topsy
3 Army Kawabe Masakazu
Yeho (130.430E 45.398N)
Kwantung Army

9 Division Higuchi Kiichiro
Yeho (130.430E 45.398N) 3 Army
"Kanazawa". Activated 1898-10-1. Composed of 7, 19, and 35 Regiments.
 A veteran division that participated in the First Shanghai Incident.
Moved to Okinawa in 1944-2 and to Formosa in 1945-2. Never saw combat in the Pacific.
12 Division Kasahara Yukio
Tungning
3 Army
"Kurume." Activated 1898-10-1. From southern Kyushu. Composed of 24, 46, and 48 Regiments. Participated in the Siberian Intervention in 1918. Regarded as an elite division.
Redeployed to Formosa 1944-11. Never saw combat.
1 Tank Group Yamada Kunitaro

3 Army
Composed of 3, 5, and 9 Tank Regiments. Absorbed into 1 Armored Division 1942-8.
9 Engineer Regiment

3 Army

27 Engineer Regiment

3 Army

4 Army Yokoyama Isamu
Beian Kwantung Army

1 Division Nakazawa Mitsuo
Beian 4 Army
"Tokyo". Activated 1881-5-14. "Exiled" to Manchuria in 1936 for its part in the attempted coup d'état of 26 February 1936. Composed of 1, 49, and 57 Regiments.
Redeployed to the Philippines 1944-9 and destroyed in the Leyte campaign by 1945-1.
14 Division Kawanami Mitsu
Tsitsihar 4 Army
"Utsunomiya". Activated 6 Kuly 1905. Composed of 2, 15, and 59 Regiments. Reorganized as an ocean division, deployed to Palaus 1944-4 and isolated on Babelthuap.
57 Division Osako Michisada
Beian 4 Army
Activated 1940-7-10 as a Type B division. Composed of 52, 117, and 132 Regiments. Returned to Japan 1945-4
1 Border Guard Brigade
Okamoto Yasayuki
4 Army

5 Border Guard Brigade
Holomoching
4 Army

6 Border Guard Brigade
Nencheng
4 Army

7 Border Guard Brigade

4 Army

8 Border Guard Brigade

4 Army
Manchurian puppet troops. Participated in the Nomonhan campaign.
13 Border Guard Brigade

4 Army

5 Army Iimura Jo
Tungan
Kwantung Army

11 Division Takamori Takashi
Hulin (132.950E 45.764N)
5 Army
"Zentsuji." Activated 1898-10-1. Recruited from Shikoku. Composed of 12, 43, and 44 Regiments. 44 Regiment was recruited from Kochi and saw combat at Shanghai.
Returned to Japan 1945-4 and saw no combat thereafter.
24 Division Nemoto Hiroshi
Tungan 5 Army
From Asahigawa. Activated 1939-10-7 as a regular division. Composed of 22, 32, and 89 Regiments. 22 and 32 Regiments were available from triangularization of regular divisions. Redeployed to Okinawa 1944-4 and destroyed.
2 Tank Group Yamaji Hideo

5 Army
10 and 11 Tank Regiments. Absorbed into 2 Armored Division 1942-6.
4 Border Guards Brigade

5 Army

6 Border Guards Brigade

5 Army

12 Border Guards Brigade

5 Army

3 Cavalry Brigade Kataoka Tadasu
Paoching (132.211E 46.332N)
5 Army
Deactivated 1945-2-28
7 Engineer Regiment

5 Army

22 Engineer Regiment

5 Army

24 Engineer Regiment

5 Army

6 Army Kita Seiichi
Hailar Kwantung Army

23 Division Nishihara Kanji
Hailar 6 Army
Activated 1938-7-11 as a regular division for permanent service in western Manchuria. Composed of 64, 71, and 72 Regiments. Nearly destroyed at Nomonhan. Redeployed to Luzon 1944-11 and destroyed.
20 Army Seki Genroku
Keinei
Kwantung Army
Relocated to Hengyang by 1945.
8 Division Hondo Masaki
Suiyang 20 Army
"Hirosaki." Activated 1898-10-1. Recruited from northern Honshu. Composed of 5, 17, and 31 Regiments.
Redeployed to Luzon 1944-8 and destroyed in the second Philippines campaign.
25 Division Akashiba Yaezo

20 Army
From Osaka. Activated 1940-7-29 as a Type A division. Composed of 14, 40, and 70 Regiments, all from regular divisions undergoing triangularization. Returned to Japan 1945-3
2 Border Guards Brigade

20 Army

3 Border Guards Brigade

20 Army

10 Border Guards Brigade

20 Army

11 Border Guards Brigade

20 Army

2 Air Division Teramoto Kumaichi
Changchun Kwantung Army

2 Air Brigade Nakamura Yoshiaki
Chiamussu 2 Air Division

6 Light Air Regiment
Chiamussu 2 Air Brigade
27 Ki-57 Topsy
9 Air Regiment
Pyongyang 2 Air Brigade
36 Ki-27 Nate
Spent most of the war in China. The most successful fighter unit versus the B-29 in China.
65 Light Air Regiment
Tunhua 2 Air Brigade
36 Ki-30 Ann
8 Air Brigade Tazoe Noboru

2 Air Division
Redesignated 8 Air Division on 1942-6-1.
32 Light Air Regiment
Tunhua 8 Air Brigade
27 Ki-32 Mary
33 Air Regiment
Hsingshu 8 Air Brigade
36 Ki-27 Nate
Participated in Burma, New Guinea, and second Philippine campaigns. Took heavy losses in New Guinea.
58 Heavy Air Regiment
Sui-hua
8 Air Brigade
27 Ki-21 Sally
9 Air Brigade Hashimoto Hidenobu
Tsitsihar 2 Air Division
Redesignated 9 Air Division in 1944-8.
6 Heavy Air Regiment
Hailar 9 Air Brigade
27 Ki-21 Sally
7 Heavy Air Regiment
Kungchunling 9 Air Brigade
27 Ki-21 Sally
13 Air Brigade
Hailang 2 Air Division

70 Air Regiment
Tungchingcheng 13 Air Brigade
36 Ki-27 Nate
85 Air Regiment
Hailang 13 Air Brigade
36 Ki-27 Nate
Participated in Ichi-go campaign
87 Air Regiment
Tuanshanzi 13 Air Brigade
36 Ki-27 Nate
Participated in second Burma and Palembang campaigns
28 Independent Air Regiment
Hailang 2 Air Division
20 Ki-15 Babs
Southern Expeditionary Army Terauchi Hisaichi Saigon Army General Staff
Responsible for executing the major land operations of the Centrifugal Offensive by which Japan hoped to seize southeast Asia before the Allies could react. This offensive was completely successful, achieving all of its objectives ahead of schedule and at smaller loss than anticipated. Subsequently renamed Southern Army
1 Parachute Brigade "Dash Forward"
Nyutabaru, Kyushu Southern Expeditionary Army
Deployed to Southeast Asia in December 1941 following the outbreak of war.
1 Parchute Regiment
Chiai 1 Parachute Brigade
Also known as 1 Raiding Regiment.
2 Parachute Regiment
Saigon 1 Parachute Brigade
Also known as 2 Raiding Regiment. Conducted airborne attack on Palembang
21 Division Tanaka Hisaichi
Hanoi Southern Expeditionary Army
From Kanazawa. Activated 1938-4-4 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 62, 82, and 83 Regiments. Had seen two years' service in China. Redeployed to Indochina 1943-8.
38 Division Sano Tadayoshi
near Hong Kong Southern Expeditionary Army
From Nagoya. Activated 1939-6-30 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. 20,000 men with motorized transport. Infantry group consisted of 228, 229, and 230 Regiments. Assigned to Southern Expeditionary Army from 23 Army for the attack on Hong Kong. The commander of 23 Army, Sakai Takashi, seems to have personally supervised the Hong Kong operation. Redeployed to Netherlands East Indies 1942-1, Guadalcanal 1942-10, and New Britain 1943-2. Reorganized 1944-7, dropping 230 Regiment and replacing it with 3 Mixed Regiment.
21 Independent Mixed Brigade Yamagata Kurihanao
Haiphong
Southern Expeditionary Army
Eventually committed to New Guinea.
21 Air Regiment
Gia Lam Southern Expeditionary Army
May not have been activated until 1942-10, but was formed from units listed below. Participated in the first Philippines, second Burma, and Morotai campaigns.
82 Light Squadron
Tien Flo 21 Air Regiment
12 Ki-48 Lily
84 Squadron
Nha Trang 21 Air Regiment
9 Ki-27 Nate
83 Air Regiment
Sanya Southern Expeditionary Army

71 Squadron
Sanya 83 Air Regiment
10 Ki-51 Sonia
73 Squadron
Sanya 83 Air Regiment
9 Ki-51 Sonia
89 Squadron
Dau Mot 83 Air Regiment
12 Ki-32 Mary
7 Air Regiment
Chiai Southern Expeditionary Army
Transport for 1 Parachute Brigade?
1 Squadron
Chiai 7 Air Regiment
6 Ki-59 Theresa
2 Squadron
Chiai 7 Air Regiment
6 Ki-59 Theresa
13 Squadron
Chiai 7 Air Regiment
12 Ki-57 Topsy (at Chiai)
6 Ki-59 Theresa (at Dau Mot)
10 Independent Air Squadron
Tien Flo Southern Expeditionary Army
Ki-27 Nate. Redesignated 25 Air Regiment 1942-10.
Participated in the Hong Kong and Ichi-go campaigns.
47 Squadron
Saigon Southern Expeditionary Army
9 Ki-44 Tojo. Experimental squadron testing the new aircraft design. Redesignated 47 Air Regiment 1943-10.
Participated in Malaya, Burma, and Okinawa campaigns.
14 Army Homma Masaharu
Magong
Southern Expeditionary Army
Responsible for taking the Philippines. Redesignated 14 Area Army on 1944-7-28.

16 Division Morioka Susumu

14 Army Lamon Bay Force "Kyoto." Activated 1905-7-18. Participated in the Rape of Nanking.
The infantry group consisted of 20 Regiment plus those listed below. The main body embarked with Lamon Bay Force numbered about 9000 men. This division had been recently triangularized and had not seen recent combat. Homma did not rate it very highly. Destroyed at Leyte in 1944-12.
9 Regiment


16 Division Lingayen Gulf Force Kamijima Detachment (later Takahashi Detachment).
33 Regiment

16 Division 4 Surprise Attack Force
Kimura Detachment (2500 men). Responsible for seizing Legaspi. Included the infantry group headquarters from 16 Division. One battalion from the regiment was with the division main body at Naze.
48 Division Tsuchihashi Yuitsu

14 Army Lingayen Gulf Force Composed of 1 and 2 Formosa Regiments and 47 Regiment. Activated 1940-11-30 in Formosa as a Type A division. Lacked battle experience, but 47 Regiment was a regular regiment released by the triangularization of 6 Division, and Homma considered 48 Division the best division in 14 Army. It was partially motorized and reinforced with artillery. Redeployed to Celebes and Timor 1942-4.
2 Formosa Regiment

48 Division
1 Surprise Attack Force
Tanaka Detachment. 2200 men.
3 Battalion, 2 Formosa Regiment     


2 Formosa Regiment
2 Surprise Attack Force
Reinforced to 2200 men
65 Brigade Nara Akira
Magong 14 Army
"Summer." From Hiroshima. 6500 mostly older reservists. Considered totally unprepared for combat by its own commander. Intended for garrison duty. Composed of 122, 141, and 142 Regiments.
4 Tank Regiment

14 Army 48 Division Equipped with light tanks.
7 Tank Regiment

14 Army 48 Division 80-100 tanks, including "heavy" 13-ton tanks.
3 Independent Engineer Regiment
Takao 14 Army

21 Independent Engineer Regiment

14 Army 3 Surprise Attack Force
24 Airfield Battalion


14 Army 3 Surprise Attack Force
15 Army Iida Shojiro
Phnom Penh? Southern Expeditionary Army
Responsible for taking Burma.
33 Division Sakurai Shozo
central China
15 Army
Activated 1939-3-25 as a "special" or wartime division composed mostly of reservists. Composed of 213, 214, and 215 Regiments. From Sendai
55 Division Takeuchi Hiroshi
on Thai border 15 Army
From Shikoku. Activated 1940-7-10 as a Type B division. Composed of 112 Regiment; 143 Regiment, which was assigned to 25 Army; and  144 Regiment which was assigned to Imperial General Headquarters with the infantry group headquarters, 55 Brigade Group
16 Army Imamura Hitoshi
Tokyo Southern Expeditionary Army
Responsible for taking the Netherlands East Indies. Would not deploy to the combat zone until the Philippines and Singapore were isolated.
2 Division Maruyama Masao
Cam Ranh 16 Army
"Sendai." Activated 1881-5-14, and acquired a regional stereotype as solid and imperturbable but sluggish on the offensive. Composed of 4, 16, and 29 Regiments. Redeployed to Guadalcanal 1942-9 and nearly destroyed. Rebuilt and redeployed to southeast Asia 1945-1. Part of the division was committed to Burma 1945-3.
8 Tank Regiment


16 Army

1 Engineer Regiment


16 Army

25 Army Yamashita Tomoyuki
Cam Ranh Southern Expeditionary Army
Responsible for taking Malaya
5 Division Matsui Takuro

25 Army Singora Attack Force "Hiroshima." Activated on 1881-5-14. One of the finest and most heavily mechanized divisions in the Japanese Army with specialist training in amphibious assault and experience with the Hangchow landings. Also one of the largest, since it was still a square division. Three of its four regiments were assigned to land at Singora and the fourth at Patani and drive down the west coast of Malaya. Redeployed to the Netherlands East Indies 1943-8.
9 Brigade
Kawamura Saburo

5 Division Singora Attack Force
11 Regiment

Cam Ranh 9 Brigade

Would deploy as second echelon to Singora by 1941-12-16.
41 Regiment

9 Brigade
Singora Attack Force Recruited from Fukuyama. Formed the vanguard of 5 Division at Singora. Detached for service in the Philippines in early 1942, which had the effect of triangularizing 5 Division.
21 Brigade
Sugiura Eikichi
Cam Ranh 5 Division

21 Regiment

Shanghai 21 Brigade

Did not deploy to Thailand until January 1942.
42 Regiment

21 Brigade Patani Attack Force Responsible for securing Patani.
18 Division Mutaguchi Renya
Canton
25 Army
"Chrysanthemum." From Kurume. Activated 1937-9-9 as a "special" or watime division composed mostly of reservists, but considered itself one of the best divisions in the Japanese Army. Had considerable combat experience in China and had specialist training in amphibious assault. A square division, but one of its brigade headquarters was detached with one regiment to operate under 16 Army, leaving the other brigade headquarters and three regiments with the main body of the division. Redeployed to Burma 1942-4. Formally triangularized 1943-4.
23 Brigade

Canton 18 Division

55 Regiment

Canton 23 Brigade

56 Regiment

23 Brigade Kota Baharu Attack Force
Responsible for seizing Kota Baharu.
35 Brigade
Kawaguchi
Canton 18 Division Southern Expeditionary Army Kawaguchi Detachment was built around the brigade headquarters and 124 Regiment and was responsible for seizing points in west Borneo: Miri, Kuching, Brunei. It later fought at Guadalcanal.
114 Regiment

Canton 35 Brigade
18 Division In reserve for probable deployment to Malaya.
124 Regiment

Canton 35 Brigade

Formally detached from 18 Division 1943-4
56 Division Watanabe Masao
Fukuoka 25 Army
From Fukuoka and Nagasaki. This division was activated on 1940-7-10 as a Type B division but was slow to organize, and the brigade designated to become its infantry group (56 Brigade) was operating with 16 Army. Yamashita left the headquarters in Japan, where it was effectively part of the area army reserve. Deployed to Burma 1941-12, by which time it had been assigned 113 and 148 Regiments. The division became so accustomed to garrison life on the Yunnan border that the soldiers began to think and act like immigrant settlers.
56 Brigade Sakaguchi Shizuo Palau 56 Division 16 Army Designated to become the infantry group of 56 Division. Built around the brigade headquarters and 146 Regiment. Responsible for seizing Tarakan and Balikpapan.
Imperial Guards Division Nishimura Takuma
on Thai border 25 Army

Organized 1871-3 from 6200 samurai as the nucleus of the modern Japanese Army.

Infantry group consisted of 3, 4 and 5 Imperial Guards Regiments. Responsible for securing Thailand and the Kra Peninsula before joining the rest of 25 Army in Malaya. Redesignated 2 Imperial Guards Division on 1943-6, likely as a calculated insult for its behavior in Malaya.

3 Tank Group

25 Army
Amounted to a full armored division, with four regiments.  Three regiments (1, 2, and 6) were equipped with 37 M-97 and 20 M-95 tanks; the 14 Tank Regiment was equipped with 45 M-95 tanks.
143 Regiment
off Kra Isthmus
55 Division 25 Army Detailed from its parent division to seize points along the Kra Isthmus. The regimental headquarters was embarked on a transport off Prachuap.Two battalions were embarked in two transports and one cargo ship off Jumbhorn. A third battalion was embarked in three transports off Nakhorn.
4 Independent Engineer Regiment


25 Army

5 Independent Engineer Regiment

25 Army

14 Independent Engineer Regiment


25 Army

15 Independent Engineer  Regiment


25 Army
Later reassigned to South Seas Detachment
3 Air Division Sugawara Michio
Kompong Trach Southern Expeditionary Army

3 Air Brigade Endo Saburo
Kompong Trach 3 Air Division

27 Light Air Regiment
Kompong Chanang 3 Air Brigade
23 Ki-51 Sonia
59 Air Regiment
Kompong Trach 3 Air Brigade
21 Ki-43 Oscar
Participated in the Malaya, Netherlands East Indies, New Guinea, and Okinawa campaigns.
75 Light Air Regiment
Kompong Trach 3 Air Brigade
25 Ki-48 Lily
90 Light Air Regiment
Kompong Trach 3 Air Brigade
25 Ki-48 Lily
7 Air Brigade Yamamoto Kenji
Phnom Penh 3 Air Division

12 Heavy Air Regiment
Phnom Penh 7 Air Brigade
21 Ki-21 Sally
60 Heavy Air Regiment
Phnom Penh 7 Air Brigade
39 Ki-21 Sally
51 Recon Squadron
Phnom Penh 7 Air Brigade
3 Ki-15 Babs
3 Ki-46 Dinah
64 Air Regiment
Duong Dong 7 Air Brigade
6 Ki-27 Nate
35 Ki-43 Oscar
Participated in Malaya, Netherlands East Indies and Burma campaigns
98 Heavy Air Regiment
Saigon 7 Air Brigade
42 Ki-21 Sally
10 Air Brigade Hirotaka Yutaka
Krakor 3 Air Division

31 Light Air Regiment
Siem Reap 10 Air Brigade
24 Ki-30 Ann

77 Air Regiment
Siem Reap 10 Air Brigade
27 Ki-27 Nate
Participated in Thailand, Burma, and New Guinea campaigns. Annihilated at Wewak.
62 Heavy Air Regiment
Krakor 10 Air Brigade
22 Ki-21 Sally
70 Recon Squadron
Krakor 10 Air Brigade
8 Ki-15 Babs
12 Air Brigade Aoki
Phiquoc 3 Air Division

1 Air Regiment
Kompong Trach 12 Air Brigade
42 Ki-27 Nate
Participated in the Malaya, first Burma, New Georgia, Wewak, and second Philippines campaigns.
11 Air Regiment
Phiquoc 12 Air Brigade
39 Ki-27 Nate
Participated in the Malaya, first Burma, New Georgia, Wewak, and second Philippines campaigns.
50 Recon Squadron
Kompong Trach 3 Air Division
3 Ki-15 Babs
2 Ki-46 Dinah
81 Recon Squadron
Phnom Penh 3 Air Division
9 Ki-15 Babs
7 Ki-46 Dinah
5 Air Division Obata Hideyoshi
Heito Southern Expeditionary Army
There is significant disagreement among various sources on the composition of this unit. We use the composition given by Francillon (1979).
4 Air Brigade Kawahara Toshiaki
Chiai 5 Air Division
Redesignated 4 Air Division in 1943.
8 Light Air Regiment
Chiai 4 Air Brigade
27 Ki-48 Lily
9 Ki-15 Babs
2 Ki-46 Dinah
14 Heavy Air Regiment
Chiai 4 Air Brigade
18 Ki-21 Sally
16 Light Air Regiment
Chiai 4 Air Brigade
27 Ki-30 Ann
50 Air Regiment
Hengchun 4 Air Brigade
36 Ki-27 Nate
Participated in the first Philippine, Burma, and New Guinea campaigns
52 Recon Squadron
Heito 10 Independent Air Squadron
13 Ki-51 Sonia
74 Recon Squadron
Heito 10 Independent Air Squadron
10 Ki-36 Ida
76 Recon Squadron
Heito 10 Independent Air Squadron
9 Ki-15 Babs
2 Ki-46 Dinah
11 Air Transport Squadron

Taichu 5 Air Division
9 Ki-57 Topsy
12 Air Transport Squadron
Phnom Penh 5 Air Division
9 Ki-57 Topsy. Not given in Francillon, but identified by Rottman and Takizawa (2005) as part of the parachute transport force.
4 Air Regiment

Heito 5 Air Division
Strength unknown, but equipped with Ki-27 Nate. Repeatedly raided for cadre and saw very little front-line service until the final homeland defense.
24 Air Regiment
Heito 5 Air Division
36 Ki-27 Nate
Participated in the first Philippines, Wewak, Biak, Morotai, second Philippines, and Okinawa campaigns. Suffered heavily in both the Biak and Morotai campaigns.

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